Angiogenesis in gynecological cancers and the options for anti-angiogenesis therapy

Angiogenesis is required in cancer, including gynecological cancers, for the growth of primary tumors and secondary metastases. Development anti-angiogenesis therapy cancers improvement its efficacy have been a major focus fundamental clinical research. However, survival benefits current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, patients with are modest. Therefore, better understanding angiogenesis tumor microenvironment urgently needed to develop more effective therapies, either or not combination other therapeutic approaches. We describe molecular aspects (tumor) blood vessel formation provide an extensive overview therapies cancers. discuss different phenotypes angiogenic endothelial cells potential targets, strategies aimed at intervention their metabolism, approaches targeting (inflammatory) microenvironment.